Military of China, force comment.
Military of China, force comment.

the concept of low-altitude airspace opening up into a number of media “stir” of the object.

nowadays, “low open”, “open low-altitude areas,” “low-altitude airspace opening up” and so many media have become “stir” of the object. In this process, some of the media think, “low-level open” is equivalent to “low-altitude release.” This is not only misleading the people, and confused state, “low-altitude airspace management reform” and “low-level open” means. In this regard, the Air Force, “Aviation magazine,” this reporter interviewed the Military Air Command Air Traffic Control Minister Cai Jun colonel.

Reporter: At present, on the “low open” question a lot of public opinion, and some say that is open, and some say is the opening, as the Air Force experts and authority, how do you interpret the “low open” ?

Jun Cai: This is a good question, we are very concerned about. Many national media to “low-altitude airspace management reform”, simply understood or interpreted as “low release”, which is wrong concept, misled the public’s imagination. In fact, the current social concern, “low-level open” refers to the process of undertaking a “low-altitude airspace management reform.” To clarify this question, we must clear the following concepts.

What is the low-altitude airspace? Low-altitude airspace usually refers to the real high 1000 meters (inclusive), the spatial extent. Into controlled airspace, airspace surveillance and reporting of airspace categories.

designated controlled airspace normally busy areas of the flight, the airport landing strip, air restricted danger zone air, air restrictions, ground important target country (border) areas and other areas of the sky. In all airspace use of airspace activities, flight control department must be approved and accepted the flight controls.

usually designated to monitor airspace around the control of airspace. In all airspace use of airspace activity, airspace users to the flight control department after filing the flight plan, you can self-organize and be responsible for flight safety, flight control department to monitor closely the use of airspace activities, and provide flight information service and alerting service .

report is usually designated airspace restricted area away from air, air danger zone, the air restrictions, the country (border) zone, an important goal of the ground and flight-intensive areas, such as airport control zone over the region. In all airspace use of airspace activity, airspace users to the flight control department after filing the flight plan, you can self-organize and be responsible for flight safety, air traffic control department under the user needs to provide aeronautical information services.

this stage, the air traffic control sector airspace is divided by this method in the local area, “low-altitude airspace management reform” pilot.

Reporters: Please be more specific about what is “low-altitude airspace opening” and “low-altitude airspace management reform”?

Jun Cai: the so-called low-altitude airspace open to be interpreted as: lift some low-altitude aircraft in the airspace of certain activities of the blockade, embargo, restrictions. In 2007, the state promulgated the “People’s Republic of basic rules of flying”, the actual flight altitude from 600 meters to 12,500 meters beginning, every 300 meters set a high level, there are strict rules, you look at this chart (with photos). All along, the general aviation flight operations and transitions, most highly concentrated in the airspace below 1,000 meters. From the regulations, said the state had never closed below 1,000 meters of altitude airspace, now how can we speak of “open” questions, let alone the “open” thing. The fact is: The current public concern “low open” refers to the state “low-altitude airspace management reform.” Reform must be to ensure security of national airspace, to ensure that the capital region, an important military and economic objectives, it is important landmarks such as the safety of the premise. According to general aviation development at different times, different stages, in order to meet the needs of general aviation, in different regions of the low-altitude airspace management reform is necessary.

so-called “low-altitude airspace management reform”, is to meet the needs of low-flying, low-altitude airspace management in the country, to take further improvement of the relevant regulations, strengthen supervision and monitoring tools and evaluation system and a series of measures. Low-altitude airspace is an important national strategic resource, military aviation and general aviation is the main activity areas, such as land resources, marine resources, as a vast reservoir of economic, defense and social value. To use a good low-altitude airspace, it would have to manage. To manage the reform is the only way out. Therefore, the state attaches great importance to the management of low-altitude airspace in recent years, a series of policies and regulations, and actively promote the use of intensive management of airspace, airspace resource utilization has been gradually improved. August 19, 2010, the State Council issued “on deepening reform of China’s low-altitude airspace management advice”, which is a time to guide future reform of China’s low-altitude airspace management programmatic document. File clear, the reform in three stages: The first stage is the pilot, that 2011 years ago in Shenyang, Guangzhou, pilot flight control area, further accumulation of experience; second stage is to promote, that is, before the end of 2015, the pilot results in the whole country , the basic formation of the government regulation, industry guidance and market operation, the national integration of low-altitude airspace management and service assurance systems; third stage is to deepen, that by 2020, establish a scientific theory of space management system, legal system, operation management system and service support system, low-altitude airspace to achieve the full development and effective use of resources.

Reporter: You talk about low-altitude airspace for general aviation is the main activity area, then the low-altitude general aviation flight safety is a major factor affecting it?

Jun Cai: You can not think so. According to statistics, the world’s general aviation flying, low-altitude airspace to bring the security environment is not optimistic about the situation is very grim.

speaking from the safety of air defense, general aircraft altitude is relatively low, small, relatively slow flight speed for a low, slow, small flying target detection, recognition and defense, the Air Force are the countries more difficult problem. If the low-altitude airspace mismanagement, low-altitude aircraft or UFO is difficult to control. Such as the May 13, 1987, West Germany Youth Rust, driving Cessna single-engine aircraft took off from Helsinki, Finland, low-flying into the airspace of the former Soviet Union, Moscow non-stop and landed in Red Square. Another example is the beginning of 2000, an American, driving rented Cessna -172 aircraft, low altitude flying 145 km, escaped Gubaleida detection, into the capital Havana, planted leaflets, after being forced to intercept the Cuban Air Force return to the U.S.. Also, such as February 18, 2010, an American software engineer, driving a single-engine four small plane hit the Texas Tax Institute, the building first and the second knocked a big hole, the whole building and badly damaged. This part of the case, adequately low-altitude airspace mismanagement, important goals can be directly endanger the security and national sovereignty.

speaking from the anti-collision, low-flying, anti-collision very difficult task. According to statistics, from 2002 to 2005, China’s major routes in the vicinity of the balloon out of control affecting more than 70 civil aviation event since. Which seriously affect flight safety close to 20. Such as the June 5, 2003, suddenly appeared near the airport of Wenzhou unknown balloon, causing some flights to other airports, more than a dozen flights were canceled flights to Wenzhou. Another example is the March 10, 2004, Wuhan Control Area A giant balloon on the route, resulting in four flights to change course to fly around; also as May 19, 2010, in Baoding, a common carrier without an application, without perform pest control operations, the Air Force into the airspace of an airport, caused the Air Force military training flight was forced to stop. Many examples like this are in control of airspace management under strict security problems arise, if the “low release”, and “sea diving, the days of His Career,” the dream, flying at low altitude will mess and frequent accidents. The country, the air defense security, the security there is nothing important. The rapid development of China’s general aviation, the use of airspace and airspace control conflicts between the more prominent, bloody lessons warn us, to maintain order in the air to ensure safe flight is essential work. The moment, China’s general aviation, there are still many weak links, such as flight range, low altitude flight conditions, large differences in regional geography and other issues, most common aircraft airborne equipment is poor, can not be timely, accurate notification of the machine location. In addition, the co-disposal to verify many links, air traffic control services were not low, slow, small aircraft to force the management rights and other issues are more prominent. Therefore, to promote general aviation development from the point of view, highlighting the important low-altitude airspace management reform.

Reporter: You just introduced by, you can feel the low-altitude airspace management reform, the task is still arduous. Low-altitude airspace to ensure safe and efficient operation. What do you think at this stage the specific work to be done?

Jun Cai: to say that the specific work, that is: detailed division of labor and carry it out. The State Council, Central Military Commission in the “on deepening reform of China’s low-altitude airspace management advice” in explicitly specific measures, requests, is in place. Specifically in the following aspects: First, a reasonable definition of security responsibilities, aviation users to bear the main responsibility for visual flight safety, air traffic control authorities to provide instrument flight safety spacing services; second is to establish and improve rules and regulations applicable to empty tubes for low-altitude airspace management to provide legal protection; third is to strengthen education and training of employees in general aviation, flying license issued strict and strict qualification examination; Fourth, the strict low-altitude airspace access qualification, well-organized low-level flying activities; Fifth, establish and improve low-altitude Flight violations and punishment mechanism, the implementation of air traffic control, public security, law enforcement and other joint military departments, dealt with severely super license level flight, the flight range of over airspace violations such as disturbing the air order; Sixth, military and civilian air control authorities led the development and improvement of low-altitude airspace flight emergency handling program, to establish emergency response mechanism. The only way to ensure safe and efficient operation of low-altitude airspace.

Reporter: In the perfect low-altitude airspace management regulations, which currently need to do the work?

Jun Cai: grasp the top-level design, improve the laws and regulations, this is a priority. Because a sound regulatory system is to achieve low-altitude airspace scientific management, increase airspace utilization and to ensure the safety of the premise and basis for air defense. Currently, the organization and implementation of low-flying was based primarily on “People’s Republic of basic rules of flying” and “general aviation regulations,” but two regulations are the lack of low-altitude and low altitude airspace management activities using specific standards and implementation details, for a moment, unable to meet the low-flying and low-altitude airspace management needs. Therefore, we must concentrate on the national aviation regulations, legislation, legal forms, management and use of low-altitude airspace to conduct a comprehensive, detailed specifications, low-altitude airspace management to further improve the legal system, the low-altitude airspace management into a legal, scientific, standardized.

Reporter: With the rapid development of national economic construction and people’s living standards improve, the number of privately owned aircraft, an upward trend for this new change should be how to strengthen the management?

Cai Jun: both fly, but keep things under control. This is the best of intentions and results. Since reform and opening, as China’s per capita GDP, personal consumption, increasing capacity, I believe, the status of U.S. private flight is likely to become China’s private flight tomorrow. According to reports, the next 10 years, China’s private aircraft market will be 20-25 percent per year over the rate of growth. According to the “2010 Fortune magazine reported,” the end of 2009, the Chinese mainland existing 855,000 millionaires and 55,000 billionaires, assuming the next 10 years, one-fifth of the country’s billionaires choose to buy private jets, demand can be easily increase to more than 10,000 aircraft. It is reasoned that as China’s rapid economic growth, increasing private wealth, general aircraft’s low price, driving the aircraft to achieve universal dream of flying through the air more and more people. How to manage the private aircraft is placed in front of the relevant state government departments, major issue, it is not only related to national economic development, but also to the national air defense security. At present, most private general aircraft parking space determined by the individual, the ground there is a big security risk management, most likely will bring people around unforeseen hazard. Thus, by the relevant government departments to assume these functions, the private sector into the formal channels of general-purpose aircraft management. For example, the state based on the number of private aircraft and general location, investment or private investment to take the government’s approach to building government-approved general aviation service station. Thus, not only to effectively manage common aircraft, but also prevent the use of common aircraft to the ground caused by dangerous, both for private aircraft repair, maintenance, and can reduce the owner’s responsibility for security.

short, low-altitude airspace management reform is a complicated systematic project, involving a wide range of interests involved more, not only to national security, but also related to the development of various industries and interests of the masses. In recent years, air traffic control committee and the aviation authorities of all levels of low-altitude airspace management reform attach great importance to organizational reform, improvement of infrastructure, improvement of control measures and other positive measures, continue to meet the development needs of China’s general aviation. At the same time, we should clearly see that our airspace management there are still many problems that are ahead of the problem is the reform of the problem. It is expected that through continuous reform and low-altitude airspace management, general aviation industry will usher in a period of rapid growth, general aviation will be a safe and efficient operation of the space environment. (Niu Asia Li Jianzhao)