Military of China, force comment.
Military of China, force comment.

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rise of great powers of history and can not be copied, but one can derive useful lessons. For example, today China has many similarities with the United States in the late 19th century early 20th century.

contemporary China much like the late 19th century and early 20th century the United States

first in the rise of the take-off stage. Prominent in this stage the country’s comprehensive national strength has jumped. The civil war ended in 1865, its gross industrial production is still lagging behind Britain and France, and by 1890 had risen to first in the world. China’s gross domestic product (GDP) in 1978 also ranked eighth in the world, has been ranked second in the world to 2010, Goldman Sachs, that by 2027 China’s economy will rank first in the world. National strength jumped to the outside world, asking them to bear more obligations on the United States and the responsibility requirements to rise.

, are in a period of complex internal contradictions. Society in the worship of money thought to dominate the rapidly expanding gap between rich and poor. The one hand, the non-public use of public power is widespread and worsening corruption situation; the other hand, the lack of government regulation led to food, medicine and other public safety issues frequent. According to records, the United States in the early 20th century “in the case of no regulation, greedy manufacturers and vendors often sell the production of milk of tuberculosis cows in milk mixed with water, salt, soda, or cover a dirty milk layer of good milk, sterilized, open container transporting milk, and so on. “This is very similar to the case with today’s China.

in external “threat theory” and the period of frequent speculation. Because of the rapid increase of national strength, the two countries’ foreign policy from the relatively isolationist state to make a difference in the direction conversion, thus causing the shock and the hegemonic powers of vigilance of the neighboring countries. External social frequent issued a “threat theory”. Then the United States and China today and the surrounding state relations became tense situation. And then the United States and Britain contradiction similar to today’s Sino-US conflicts also on the rise.

how the United States from the plight of the rise

in the internal affairs of the face of numerous problems, the United States set off a vigorous progressive movement. ” the drawbacks of the society to conduct a comprehensive reflection. Americans recognize that the capitalist system continues as at that time, the operation continues, is bound to allow people to gradually lose confidence in the national political and economic system, would endanger the interests of all. To this end, various segments of American society have criticized liberal capitalism led to the monopolies and special interests, to form a broad consensus “must be a balance between individual freedom and social responsibility”, and on this basis a wide range of system level on reform.

in the political arena, through the operation of mechanisms and modalities of the reform of government, improve government efficiency, reduce opportunities for corruption, the establishment of the government more accountable to the citizens. In the economic sphere, large enterprises placed under public control the use of government authority to balance the interests of the private commercial market controls to protect the interests of farmers, workers, property owners and consumers. Antitrust from 1901 to 1912, the U.S. federal government has initiated 94 anti-trust cases. One of the most famous with Mobil Oil was the largest in U.S. history, the most profitable ventures is split into 34 companies. Supreme Court Justice White explicitly declared in the judgment to the break up of Mobil Oil’s purpose is to protect the public from unreasonable restraint of trade damage. “

in foreign affairs, United States, clearly aware that although neighboring countries for the rise of the United States there is the key to the fear and not suited to, but this is not the problem, neighboring countries will eventually adapt to the rise of trend in the United States by virtue of its super national strength in the Americas and continental scale block header. The problem lies in how to deal with was the hegemony of the United Kingdom. The practice of the United States is:

First of all, try to circumvent the collision with the British strategy. For example, to ensure the continued compliance with the 1850 Clayton – Bulwer Treaty concluded by the United States and Britain to avoid the United States and the United Kingdom on the canal dug interests collide. Secondly, and resolutely safeguard the core interests, to dare to use all means including force to effective maintenance issues involving core interests. For example, when the Venezuelan crisis of 1887, the United Kingdom for the U.S. note of scoff and naval deployments in Guyana. In this regard, the United States has made a strong reaction from the assembled military forces, and willingness to fight. Finally, due to the Venezuelan problem is not the core interests of the United Kingdom, the British made concessions to the United States effectively safeguard their own interests.

China’s rise to the availability of Inspiration

First of all, deal with their own internal affairs of the most important. For the United States and China Intercontinental big country, the rise of the process from external influence and restrict the whole is relatively small, because its own market size has been to provide sufficient space for development, and, in turn, can become an important factor affecting the behavior of other countries. However, how to keep the country united, but vital, it needs to maintain a balance between different interest groups. Therefore, the Government should act as the role of impartial referee, play a leading role, take the right balance normative principles based on the general tendency of public opinion in a conflict of interest. The public should be aware of their social responsibility, and awareness of social responsibility in the public dialogue and policy-makers need to balance individualism.

Second, the handle with the hegemonic country’s conflict of interest. Try to avoid a direct collision of the core interests of hegemonic powers. However, the hegemonic powers out of the doubts and fears of the rise of the country instinctive behavior of collision and damage the interests of the rise of the country has always inevitable, this time for the rise of the country, you need to make judgments, to avoid or confrontation, the most important judgment behavior of the hegemonic powers damage the country’s core interests. Do not expect the hegemony of the Congress to respect the core interests of the rise of the country, only to show their willingness and ability to firmly, the other will quit. Bears a global responsibility, in fact hegemonic powers, and its limited resources is unable to complete a number of responsibilities, is usually very difficult and the rise of the country, they do not challenge the core interests of the hegemonic powers, and be good to seize the strategic opportunity, with its the possibility of direct conflict is very small.

the American experience tells us that, as long as a clear strategy to deal with the problem of domestic and foreign, the pace of China’s rise will be unstoppable. ▲ (The author is Head of international politics of the Beijing International Studies University)

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