Military of China, force comment.
Military of China, force comment.

Data Figure: Russian Navy Typhoon-class strategic nuclear submarine

September 30, according to Russian military news network reported that the Russian Defense Ministry has decided to retire in 2014 and destroyed all the world’s largest 941 “Akula “class strategic nuclear submarine, saying the move will not harm the national nuclear shield strength. Experts believe that the Russian submarine active retired three of the main reasons is the lack of budgetary allocation, a new generation of nuclear submarines will be fitted out, as well as Russian and U.S. strategic offensive arms reduction treaty. Been destroyed, because of the high cost of alternative disposal options, the military unbearable.

Russia 941 “Akula” class strategic nuclear submarine, NATO called SSBN “Typhoon”-class strategic missile submarines from the St. Petersburg “Ruby” Central Design Bureau of Design, the former Soviet Union were in the 1976-1989 years into six, the maximum underwater speed of up to 25, the maximum dive depth of 500 meters long 172.8 meters, width 23.3 meters, underwater displacement 48,000 tons, holding force 180 days, the crew of 160 people, including 52 officers . Main armament is six 533 mm torpedo tubes, capable of firing 53-65K, SAET-60M, SET-65, USET-80 torpedoes or type of deep-water “waterfall” missiles, torpedoes, and 20 R-39 and R-39U type (NATO codename SS-N-20) ballistic missile silos.

combat formation in the Russian Navy is currently a total of 3 941 active nuclear submarines, which “Dmitry – East Vanscoy” according to 941UM modified upgraded, as R-30 “cloth Lava, “a new intercontinental ballistic missile test boat, and” Arkhangelsk “and” North Sita Li “nuclear submarine had been due to lack of ballistic missiles as reserve forces. The other three “Akula” class nuclear submarine TK-202, TK-12, TK-13 has been retired in 2005, has all the cutting, dismantling, destruction, a pile of scrap metal, the last one TK-13 号 destruction of the end of 2009. Vysotsky the Russian Navy commander had been declared in May 2010, two 941-type submarines will remain in service until 2019, their great potential to upgrade modification. It now appears that the Russian military, retired and destroyed, apparently easier than the modification.

Russian experts believe that Russia’s Defense Ministry decided to retire all 941 submarines for several reasons. First, the spring of 2010, Russia and the U.S. signed the third phase of strategic offensive arms reduction treaty, the two sides to start the deployment of nuclear warheads up to 1550. 941 Russian submarines each ship can carry up to 200 nuclear warheads, if all three of the submarine loaded with weapons (R-39 or R-39U missile), then, will account for almost half of the new treaty limits, this is not Russian Navy active duty 667BDRM count type “Dolphin” class (NATO name ‘Delta-IV “class) strategic nuclear submarine, and the upcoming new generation of service in the near future 955″ Borey “class strategic nuclear submarines.

from the US-Russian nuclear disarmament treaty limits the number of nuclear point of view, the Russian Navy “Akula” class nuclear submarine decommissioning is obviously a very natural thing, though, although the submarine strategic weapons carrier, but nominated by the treaty provisions only restrict, not to be retired as well. However, “Dmitry – East Vanscoy” nuclear submarine in fact no longer carry weapons, one of the silos has been modified specifically for the “Bulava” missile tests. Another two submarines for 941 intact R-39 and R-39U missile type has been classified as lack of reserve forces, including “North Sita Li” was long since 2004 had been moored to the base terminal, ” Arkhangelsk “was from 2006 onwards in a semi-retired status. Therefore, the submarine may not longer be regarded as an integral part of the Russian nuclear shield. 941 submarines with ballistic missiles of the R-39 Series since the mid-1990s, the cause of lack of funds stopped production. In 1999 Russia had decided to use was developed in the R-39UTTKH “ocean-going yacht,” an alternative liquid fuel ballistic missile R-39 solid-fuel missiles, but as the “Bulava” missile compact predecessor, the “ocean sailing” ultimately failed to develop missile success. Years later, the Russian navy arsenal in the R-39 missiles in boost levels because of the problem has been identified as no longer fit to continue service. In fact in recent years E Haiji strategic nuclear forces based on six active duty 667BDRM type “Dolphin” class submarines, equipped with R-29RMU2 (RSM-54, NATO codename SS-N-23 Skiff) ballistic missiles, which are “on the map, el”, “Ekaterinburg”, “Tula”, “Bryansk”, “Karelia” and “New Moscow, Minsk,” No.. Each vessel can carry up to 128 nuclear warheads, all six can carry up to 768 nuclear warheads.

Russian experts believe that the “Akula” class nuclear submarines decommissioned main reason may be another 955 “Borey” class next-generation strategic nuclear submarine in service soon, is expected to be the end of 2011 or early 2012 to become a reality. Once the preparation of weapons “Bulava” intercontinental ballistic missile test successfully concluded, the Russian military will be fitted out to make a formal decision submarine 955. The missile has now conducted 16 tests, 7 of them fail, but the last four launches have been successful. Hope that the Russian military successfully test-firing the same. Currently the northern city of Severodvinsk has completed the first machinery manufacturing enterprises a 955 submarine “Yuri – 多尔戈鲁基” sign, the ongoing sea trials. The second ship “Alexander – Nevsky” number was launched in December 2010. The captain is 160 meters wide and 13.5 meters, a displacement of 24,000 tons, the maximum dive depth of 480 m, the maximum underwater speed of 29, holding force 90 days, the crew, 107 people, including 55 officers. 955 nuclear submarines equipped with six 533 mm torpedo tubes, capable of launching conventional torpedoes, missiles torpedoes and cruise missiles. In addition, 955 first boat, “Yuri – 多尔戈鲁基” No. 16 “Bulava” missile silos, each missile can carry up to 10 sub-guided nuclear warheads. 955A variant “Alexander – Nevsky” No. 20 silos. Some experts also speculate that the first four 955U modified “St. Nicholas” was also on the increase in the number of missile silos. Russian side is convinced that “Borey” class has a “Akula” class submarines unparalleled advantages, mainly small size (more difficult to detect), the crew, the small number of large-scale use of modern technology, the use of significant cost decreased. Overall, has built two “Borey” class submarines and six “Dolphin” class nuclear submarines on active service can carry up to 1128 nuclear warheads. Thus, the number of nuclear warheads in the new treaty provisions remaining 422 will be allocated to the Russian long-range aviation (strategic bombers) and strategic rocket forces (land-based ballistic missiles). Of course, this trinity of nuclear warheads in the Russian nuclear shield configuration of the system in a bit of balance, the future may be adjusted.

If in the context of nuclear disarmament treaty decision to retire “Akula” class submarines seem logical, then the only Russian military does not understand is why they are destroyed, how to deal with because decommissioned nuclear submarines, the can have other alternatives. Such as the United States in 2002 had decided to reduce the “Ohio”-class strategic nuclear submarine of the number, but the Navy does not intend to destroy decommissioned nuclear submarines. September of that year the U.S. Navy Command and General Dynamics Electric Boat has signed a contract worth $ 442.9 million, which is responsible for four “Ohio”-class nuclear submarine from the “Trident” missile carrier into a “Tomahawk” cruise missile modification work on the first phase of the carrier. Between 2002 and 2006, the U.S. Navy a total funding of $ 3.2 billion for this, each submarine conversion costs $ 800 million, can carry 154 “Tomahawk” cruise missiles. The project is too expensive due to the subsequent conversion was stopped. Currently the U.S. Navy 18 “Ohio”-class nuclear submarines on active service, of which 14 for the ballistic missile carrier, they will prospect in 2040 by U.S. nuclear submarine SSBN (X) all the alternatives. But an alternative plan to gradually, in order to use the term expires on nuclear submarines decommissioned natural way to start.

theory, the Russian Defense Ministry can follow the United States “Ohio”-class submarine of the processing mode, the retirement of the “Akula” class submarines be modified, or make it a cruise missile carrier, or carrying other types of weapons. And because “Akula” class submarines of a larger size, the most aggressive modification of other ideas also can be achieved. In addition, retired after the “Akula” submarines also be used as test purposes, or the secret transport of persons or goods. Unfortunately, the Russian Defense Ministry did not attempt a similar disposal plan. Because the Russian military estimated the cost of any submarine modification of up to tens of billions of rubles, which the military budget under very limited conditions would be too wasteful.

As for the “Akula” class nuclear submarine for a long time archive and maintain navigational capability, we also need some capital investment. Of course, decommissioned nuclear submarines can also be used in the civilian fleet, its development business, “Ruby” Design Bureau had previously recommended 941 submarine transport commercial goods, including oil, gas and minerals, etc., and finally that was not appropriate, forced to give up this ideas. First, because the Russian mining giant Norilsk Nickel is involved in mineral transport projects under the Arctic ice the competition, and second, transformation of the high cost of nuclear submarines, to be used for commercial purposes, must remove all the important strategic submarine equipment, transformation of the missile compartment.

from ordinary people, rather than the military point of view, even if it retained a “Akula” class submarines as a museum Ye Hao, but the realization of this idea requires a lot of the same human material and financial resources investment, including the removal of key components, including nuclear reactors, missile tanks, etc. Contrast, retired nuclear submarines will be directly destroyed much more easily, just safe and reliable extraction of nuclear fuel waste storage, cutting to the hull and bulkhead. If into a museum, the hull can not be cut. In short, after weighing all the options, the Russian Defense Ministry identified the direct destruction of submarines retired cost of the smallest, most cost-effective, but also may receive foreign funds for this assistance. (Compiled: Shu-shan)

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