Military of China, force comment.
Military of China, force comment.

Data for: battlefield in Afghanistan, U.S. soldiers

2011 年 5 2,” base “-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden killed in Pakistan by American special forces. Osama bin Laden’s death, is an international struggle against terrorism “positive progress”, but also the United States launched the war in Afghanistan a decade the most important symbol of the event. But the lingering threat of international terrorism, “Hou Ladeng” era anti-terrorism situation is still grim, affecting regional stability and further increase the uncertainty, the situation is more complex and volatile. The international community needs to continue to strengthen cooperation, jointly maintain international and regional security and stability.

accelerated into the final stages of the war in Afghanistan

2009 年 1 月 Obama took office, the United States for its strategy in Afghanistan has made significant adjustments. The first is a clear goal, to reduce requirements. Obama to abandon the Bush administration’s idea of ??promoting democracy fighting terrorism, the main objective of the war in Afghanistan is limited to “defeat, defeat, destruction,” “base” organization’s network in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The United States believes, to prevent the “base” organization comeback, is to safeguard the security interests of the United States effective means. The second strategy is to increase investment substantially troops in Afghanistan. December 2009, Obama delivered a speech at West Point, announced that 30,000 more troops to Afghanistan, and basically put in place in 2010. Obama also called on allies to increase its troops into Afghanistan to curb the momentum of the Taliban counterattack; continue to provide civil aid to Afghanistan to increase the strength to help improve local people’s livelihood. Third, to seek regional cooperation, strengthen coordination with the international community. Obama stressed that the war on terror in Afghanistan and Pakistan in an important position and role, expressing willingness to continue to seek cooperation of Afghanistan’s neighbors and regional countries.

in the United States under the impetus of the International Conference on Afghanistan in January 2010 in London. Participating countries and international organizations expressed unanimous support for the political settlement of the Afghan government, the International Assistance Force should make greater efforts to train Afghan security forces, early transfer of security responsibility to the Afghan government. International Conference on Afghanistan held in London, marking the start of the war in Afghanistan into the final stage. November 2010, at the NATO summit in Lisbon, the United States and its NATO allies to make clear the issue of withdrawal arrangements proposed transfer of security responsibility to the Afghan government work, from the beginning of 2011 until the end of 2014. In this three-year transitional period after the end of NATO troops will remain in Afghanistan, but mainly engaged in the training and guidance, no more combat missions.

Obama the introduction of the new Afghan strategy and implementation has been accompanied by vigorous debate. Represented by Vice President Biden’s “anti-terrorist group” with the military, represented by the “rebel faction” of the United States whether to increase and maintain a large number of troops in Afghanistan, fight against the “base” organization and the Taliban locked. “Terror camp” that the U.S. strategic objectives in Afghanistan as “the base” organization, then they should concentrate their focus on combat in Afghanistan and Pakistan’s leaders and networks. Therefore, there is no need to send a large number of U.S. combat troops, not to consider Afghanistan’s “national reconstruction” problem. “Rebel faction” that in order to eliminate the “base” organization on the U.S. terrorist threat must be a large number of additional troops, by “clear, stick to the reconstruction of” three stages to the final transfer of security responsibility to the Afghan government. According to “counter-insurgency strategy,” and the U.S. experience in Iraq, “rebel faction” stressed that counter-insurgency strategy of action, it normally takes 12-15 years to bear fruit. The United States has spent nearly a decade in Afghanistan, and in 2014 was a time when the success of the strategy effective.

bin Laden is killed, the U.S. government “anti-terrorist group” and the “rebel faction” did not quell the debate, which in July 2011 for U.S. withdrawal debate on the issue of scale is particularly intense. The “anti-terrorism school”, the year the U.S. launched the war in Afghanistan, is planning to crack down on the implementation of the “9.11″ of Osama bin Laden and his “base” organization. Now bin Laden is dead, “base” organization suffered heavy losses, the U.S. military action in Afghanistan to achieve the basic goals, the U.S. military can begin from July 2011 to withdraw substantially reduced. The “rebel faction”, the bin Laden been killed just shows the U.S. surge strategy with remarkable results. The United States should adhere to the existing strategy, win, greater efforts against the Taliban, forcing them to agree to peace talks as soon as possible. If a substantial withdrawal by July 2011, can only come to naught.

the United States think tank, which is uncompromising. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Foundation’s experts, the United States on the issue of withdrawal, can not care the first two rats. This will result in the loss of American initiative in the negotiations with the Taliban, the Afghan government lost the trust. The Taliban can still be taken to delay and wait for change strategy, waiting for the U.S. military withdrawal and negative response. Therefore, in order to promote political reconciliation Afghan factions and ultimately, the United States must resist domestic pressure, adhere to teeth, to fight against the Taliban, the military has made an absolute advantage to stay only after stop there.

war in Afghanistan, the US-Pakistan relationship is the decisive factor in whether the final

Pakistan by Osama bin Laden’s death may be the most influential countries. As the U.S. war on terror in Afghanistan frontline state, Pakistan, Afghanistan, the United States is a key factor in the success of the new strategy. Decade, the international fight against terrorism, Pakistan has made a significant contribution, made enormous sacrifices. However, the US-Pakistan bilateral relations have been not ring true. Partly because Pakistan has a strong anti-American sentiment against the Pakistani government too “subservient” to U.S. pressure. On the other hand, due to frequent terrorist activities in Pakistan, the prevalence of religious extremism, Pakistan itself is one of the biggest victims of international terrorism, strengthen cooperation with the international community to combat terrorism in Pakistan’s own security interests and maintain domestic stability strategy needs.

Obama since the introduction of a new strategy for Afghanistan, Pakistan, the United States stepped up its strategic investment and communication. In early 2010, the United States and Pakistan to establish a “strategic dialogue” mechanism to increase dialogue and communication efforts. Earlier, the U.S. Congress also passed a special bill, committed within five years, providing 75 million dollars in aid, focused on solving the Pakistan electricity, water supply, infrastructure, agricultural development and other livelihood issues. Clinton Secretary of State personally attended to power shortages in Pakistan, raised 125 million power project to help solve the power shortage problem in Pakistan. Clinton also carried out on Pakistan’s “public diplomacy”, a direct dialogue with the Pakistani people. However, since the second half of 2010, discord between the two countries continued. In early 2011, “Davis case” lie in the US-Pakistan relations are quite tense, anti-terrorism cooperation is facing new and complex factors.

the United States without prior notification in the case of Pakistan, Osama bin Laden raid succeeded, so that the Pakistani military, intelligence agencies in particular embarrassment. Pakistan’s most angry is that U.S. government officials publicly stated that this is not believed that the Pakistani intelligence services, for fear of “leaked” the wind, affecting operational effectiveness. This led to a strong reaction in Pakistan and outside government circles. Pakistani Prime Minister Gilani made a speech in parliament, Pakistan’s parliament passed a resolution condemning the U.S. action violated the sovereignty of Pakistan. Pakistani public opinion is emotionally urge the Government to consider and discuss counter-terrorism cooperation with the United States.

In this case, the United States was forced to begin to repair relations with Pakistan. May 27, U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton Joint Chiefs of Staff Mike Mullen, accompanied by a surprise visit to Pakistan. This is a visit to Pakistan after bin Laden was killed U.S. government’s top officials. During the visit, Clinton praised Pakistan’s contribution and sacrifice, declared that “so far found no evidence that Pakistan Fang Gaoguan sheltered Osama bin Laden.” Clinton’s visit, only two countries temporarily halted the momentum of decline did not lead to US-Pakistan tensions to eliminate deep-rooted factors. Pakistani media have commented that US-Pakistan relations as a bad marriage, the brink of divorce, but the U.S. needs Pakistan and China now have each other, both sides can not afford to “disband” the consequences. With the final development of the war in Afghanistan, a major change in the regional situation, especially the United States would use to increase and with India on counter-terrorism in the region to cooperate to put pressure on Pakistan will make a deeper suspicion between the two countries.

for the future of US-Pakistan relations, the United States scholars have suggested that Obama should be killed by Osama bin Laden opportunity utilization U.S. aid, military operations in Afghanistan and the international pressure, forced the Pakistani government to take action to remove the intelligence of “bad elements.” In the fight against terrorism, between the United States and Pakistan should establish a “working relationship.” But in the long run, the future of US-Pakistan relations lies in the democratization of Pakistan, through the promotion of Pakistan’s domestic political reform, and gradually strengthen the position of the elected government to reduce the armed forces of foreign and security policy. More analysts point out that US-Pakistan relations are complicated, the US-Pakistan alliance against terrorism plagued by Pakistani public opinion, although the U.S. provided to Pakistan a number of economic aid, but the majority of people in the U.S. as Pakistan’s greatest security threat. Pakistan is facing a profound economic and social restructuring, the government only needs dollars to relieve economic difficulties, but had concerns about public opinion, a very small room for maneuver. US-Pakistan relations after the death of bin Laden’s direction, has become the affect regional stability, especially the war in Afghanistan is a decisive factor in whether the final.

U.S. security strategy adjustment and trend of the international fight against terrorism

“9.11″ incident changed the agenda of U.S. national security strategy, terrorism became the United States The most realistic and urgent security threats. Obama took office, U.S. security strategy, especially in counter-terrorism strategy for the reflection and adjustment. In May 2010, Obama issued a “National Security Strategy Report.” Report on the security threats facing the United States has been redefined to terrorism from the “only” to adjust the security threat as “one of the” threat. United States explicitly abandoned the “war on terror” was changed to combat “violent extremism.” Obama on counter-terrorism strategy have been adjusted, from an emphasis on military means to adjust for the “comprehensive anti-terrorist” ideology. In the specific approach, the United States more emphasis on diplomacy and development assistance, as well as the importance of multilateral cooperation. These adjustments are for the maintenance of U.S. national security interests, but also reflects the current international reality and the U.S. state of their own national conditions.

should be noted that the people of the United States, the threat of terrorism remains a real one. Decades, the United States also saw a number of attempted terrorist attacks. This is May 2011, the U.S. House and Senate despite some people’s concerns and opposition in the U.S. “Patriot Act” expired Eve agreed to delay for four years without any changes to its cause. The bill was then the Bush administration, “9.11″ after the emergency passed, given the U.S. security “wiretapping, surveillance, search and other power”, many liberals believe that the United States undermines the privacy and freedom of American citizens. But including the U.S. government, including President Obama House leaders have said, “Patriot Act” is still the United States to respond to terrorist threats, “an important tool.” According to well-known Internet research firm Pew Center survey, 42 percent of Americans still believe that the government anti-terrorism bill is a “necessary tool.”

terrorism is a threat common to all humanity, the international community to work together to deal with. The bin Laden is killed, is the result of international cooperation against terrorism. Fight against international terrorism, to focus on addressing the deep-rooted problems of terrorism. Threat of international terrorism, we should focus on relying on political means, not superstition force. Fight against international terrorism, to give up a double standard, respect other countries’ independent choice and development path, but also to focus on development issues. International terrorism should also give full play to the UN leading role in promoting the establishment of the UN-led as soon as possible, just, reasonable and effective mechanism for international cooperation against terrorism together to seek peace and development not solve two major problems, and promote common development of various civilizations and promote humanity effective way to progress together. (Referred to by the “Contemporary World” magazine authorized excerpts, author Rong Ying, deputy department director of China Institute of International Studies, Research Fellow, South Asia Research Center)

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