Military of China, force comment.
Military of China, force comment.

Beijing at 5:30 on August 1, China’s Xichang Satellite Launch Center in the “Long March III A” carrier rocket, the fifth Beidou navigation satellite into space successfully transfer orbit.

(d) of the PLA to develop, acquire high-tech military power can improve the ability to progress

China has relied on foreign technology, procurement of critical dual-use components and focus on investment in domestic R & D project, to promote military modernization.

Chinese use by enterprises, military factories, research institutes affiliated huge and excellent network and computer network operations, to collect and export control of sensitive information. These entities may not always be with the Chinese intelligence and security bodies.

constitute a military complex in many Chinese enterprises and institutions engaged in both military R & D work, but also in civilian R & D work. Name under the guise of civilian research by business and government-affiliated enterprises and research institutions to make access to sensitive dual-use technology, the PLA or the knowledgeable experts. Enterprises and institutions through technical seminars and symposia, legitimate commercial contracts and joint ventures with foreign companies and joint development of technology-specific ways to achieve their goal.

easily and are difficult to get through a commercial or academic channels, the key to national security technology, control equipment and other materials, the PLA will focus on the use of intelligence agencies, including the use of other means. Since 2008, the U.S. media has access to its technology development and China’s military modernization, critical equipment and technology for a large number of cases reported. Even individuals within the United States illegally transferring technology to China and the conventional espionage incidents have also occurred.

2009 In July, the Chinese attempted Kwok Thong enable China to monitor U.S. military access to sensitive cryptographic equipment, was convicted of violation of U.S. export law. Another case together with former U.S. Pacific Command liaison officers. This liaison officers in May 2009 accused a Chinese agent to intentionally disclose confidential and non-confidential information, including U.S. policy documents. July 2009, the former University of Tennessee professor was sentenced to 4 years in prison, because of its alleged exports to China and the U.S. Air Force contract for the UAV development of plasma related technical data.

(e) challenge Taiwan deterrent

2009, the Taiwan armed incidents did not occur near the signs, but the overall situation as stable in 2008. However, for Taiwan, China’s military construction and advanced capabilities development does not relax.

since May 2008, Ma Ying-jeou became Taiwan leader has been to streamline and professional armed forces in Taiwan, it has initiated a number of important reforms with far-reaching. Taiwan’s ability to continue to improve their strengths, and emergency training to strengthen the army as a whole. However, the military balance across the Taiwan Strait in mainland China is still a party to the transfer.

Taiwan plans to cut its forces to 215,000 by 2014 into the all-volunteer force. Support Command will be a few of its restructuring and privatization of its key defense research and development institutions to increase efficiency and productivity.

according to the “Taiwan Relations Act”, the U.S. government continues to provide defensive arms supplies and defense services, to maintain reliable self-defense capability. To this end, the Obama administration in January 2010 announced it would sell $ 6.4 billion to Taiwan defensive weapons and equipment, including the UH-60 utility helicopters, “Patriot” missile defense system, “Harpoon” training missiles in support of Taiwan’s “Broad Victory” (Po Sheng) command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, reconnaissance, surveillance systems Multifunctional Information Distribution System.

(f) capacity development of China’s space and network

space and counter-space capabilities. China is expanding its space-based intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, navigation and communications satellite constellation. At the same time, China is also developing a multi-dimensional project to improve its limit or prevent potential adversaries in a crisis or conflict, the ability to use space-based assets. China’s commercial space program for non-military research, but also the external display that can be directly used for military space launch and control.

2009 年 4 15, Beijing launched a navigation satellite. The plans between 2015 and 2020, to build for the military and civilian users of GPS-capable network. February 22, 2009, China launched a satellite remote sensing -6. September 11, 2009, Russia launched the Asiasat-5 Chinese commercial communications satellite. August 31, 2009, China launched Palapa-D, No. commercial communications satellite.

China continues to develop and test the “Long March V” rocket. In order to increase its load capacity, the “Long March V” the volume of the rocket is sent off China’s current low-Earth orbit and geostationary satellites twice. To support these new rockets, China in 2008, construction started in Wenchang, Hainan Island rocket launch base.

network warfare capability. In 2009, many computer systems worldwide, including computer systems, including the U.S. government, sources in China is still the target of those attacks. These network attacks aimed at some strategic or military intelligence purposes. For computer network attacks and the ways and skills to launch attacks similar to the skills required. It is unclear whether these activities by the Chinese People’s Liberation Army or other government agencies authorized. However, the development of cyber warfare capabilities in line with authoritative PLA writings of military-related content.

2009 March, Canadian researchers found that an electronic spy network, and this network is clearly based on China-based. Allegedly, the network Zengxiang countries in the world, including India, penetration of government websites. 103 countries in 1300 computers have been invaded.

(g) the exchange of Chinese and foreign armed forces

China military exchanges with other countries, aims to increase nearly diplomatic relations to enhance the international image reduction of other countries concerned about the rise of China, to enhance China’s national strength. Moreover, the PLA’s foreign military exchanges can enhance its modernization, it gained in the process of advanced weapons systems, increase operational experience in Asia and outside, exposed to the foreign military and military management practices, operational principles and training methods.

China will continue to carry out began in December 2008 to deploy the Gulf of Aden for anti-piracy action. December 2009, the PLA Navy sent a fourth branch to the region convoy formation, the columns of the three frigates and a supply of ships. In addition to occasional ship visits, which is the People’s Liberation Army in the western Pacific Ocean near the first in a series of actions outside of the deployment.

2009 in August, the Chinese Defense Ministry in its official website in English and dual languages ??and published news that the Chinese armed forces to foreign visitors to show a positive image.

Prior to July 2009, the Defense Department announced that China fully extended through the following initiatives to foreign military relations: continue established in 109 countries, military attaché offices abroad each year to send more than 100 military representatives group, and received more than 200 military delegations visiting to carry out high-level strategic consultation and exchange of personnel and technology, organization intermediate and senior officials to study abroad.

joint exercise: People’s Liberation Army to participate in bilateral and multilateral exercises and gradually increase the number of times. By increasing its efforts to influence, and with partner countries and organizations to get the close relationship between political interests. Moreover, this exercise is also beneficial to the PLA’s modernization – which provides for the PLA to enhance its counter-terrorism, mobile operations, logistical and other capacity-building opportunities. In addition, the PLA but also by observing the tactics, command and decision-making and more advanced equipment used by troops fighting to gain insight.

2009 March, organized by Pakistan’s participation in “Oman 2009″ multi-national naval exercises, the PLA Navy’s implementation of the search and rescue operations; June 2009, China and Gabon in the Canadian military medical Exercise – “peace angel -2009.” This is China’s first participation in such exercises; June 2009, China and Singapore to conduct joint training exercises – “Cooperation-2009″ exercise is primarily aimed at the use of nuclear weapons to respond to terrorist attacks; end of July 2009 to early August, China and Mongolia launched a “peacekeeping Mission 2009″ military exercise, which is the first time the two countries to conduct joint training; July 2009, China and Russia hold anti-terror exercise “Peace Mission 2009″, the PLA sent about 1,300 people attended the exercise. This exercise focused on the air, and special operations joint operations area.

peacekeeping and humanitarian/disaster relief operations. Since 2002, China’s UN-sponsored peacekeeping operations contribute to the rise. China now has more than 2,100 service personnel serving the United Nations mission during the 22 missions deployed 12,000 Chinese workers. UN Security Council’s five permanent members, China peacekeepers most. China’s contribution, including engineering, logistics, medical teams, police and observers.

2009 March, Chinese border in southern Lebanon to deploy peacekeepers to start using advanced explosive ordnance disposal techniques and methods, including robotic probes to eliminate landmines. China’s political and military leaders confirmed that China will work with regional and global partners in the humanitarian/disaster relief cooperation in the field.

2009 In May, the State Council issued “China’s disaster prevention and mitigation activities,” the white paper. White Paper called for the PLA to enhance domestic and international emergency rescue and relief work capacity, and establish a coordinated and effective disaster management system. In May 2009, a displacement of 10,000 tons of Chinese “comfort” class medical ship “Peace Ark” began the first combat training. This is the first time to foreign naval vessels open.

(g) US exchanges and cooperation in the security field

military relations. US-China military relations improved since 2009, mainly based on Barack Obama and President Hu pledged to deepen and improve mutual relations between both armed forces and take concrete measures to promote bilateral military relations and reliable access to real development.

high-level dialogue between the two sides in the international security environment and respond to security challenges related to providing an important platform to reach a consensus. U.S. Secretary of Defense in October last year received the visiting Chinese Central Military Commission Vice Chairman Xu – This is the first time in three years, such high-level access. The two sides agreed to launch a lot of cooperation and exchange visits and high-level officials, and to exchange views on regional security issues.

Navy chief of operations in April 2009 took part in the Chinese navy at the International Fleet parade, Army Chief of Staff, visited China in August 2000. U.S. Department of Defense has also invested with China to expand channels for dialogue and consultation platform for China-US common interests in relation to areas of continuous dialogue at all levels, in a constructive way to discuss differences.

2009 In June, U.S. Deputy Defense Ministerial defense consultations (DCT) in Beijing. The two sides exchanged views on Sino-US consultations, to include Iran, North Korea, anti-piracy and defense policy and other areas of cooperation provides an important communication platform.

2009 August, US-China-US maritime military security consultations held special meeting (MMCA), in the exclusive economic zone claimed by China to carry out maritime security operations were discussed.

2009 December-US defense consultations (DPCT) hold, the two sides discussed a range of security topics, including climate change, terrorism, maritime law applied, the future of military exchanges. Although the talks have made positive progress, but in the Obama administration announced it would sell defensive weapons to Taiwan after Beijing was selected in January 2010 suspended Sino-US military exchanges.

non-military security relations. First round of China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S & ED) on 27-28 July 2009 held in Washington. The dialogue focused on cooperation in the bilateral, regional and global short-term and long-term strategic and economic interests of the challenges and opportunities that exist. China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue in the United States led by the Secretary of State and Minister of Finance, Chinese State Councilor Dai side by Vice Premier Wang Qishan and led, most other cabinet ministers and senior officials attended the meeting, including Minister of Energy, and Deputy Secretary of Defense for Policy U.S. Pacific commander.

the two sides agreed to maintain a continuous military exchanges, and reviewed the remainder of this year’s list of military exchanges. The two sides also pledged to work together to strengthen the global nuclear non-proliferation and arms control, and respond with North Korea, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Sudan-related security issues. During the meeting both sides signed an agreement on strengthening the climate change, energy and environmental cooperation memorandum of understanding.

2009 In September, the two countries resumed bilateral non-proliferation dialogue – October 2008, after the U.S. announced arms sales to Taiwan, both non-proliferation dialogue is terminated. In mid-July 2009, the U.S. Coast Guard commander Admiral Sade ? Allen’s visit to China, he and representatives from the Department of Transportation civil maritime issues on both sides to cooperate around the possibility of negotiations. The Chinese government is rapidly building its civil maritime capability, especially in search and rescue, environmental protection, port security and the ability to block and other areas. U.S. Coast Guard committed to helping China develop these capacities. In order to enhance mutual trust and understanding can enhance professional exchanges, Allen will be proposed this summer to send a small amount of Public Security Marine Police Academy students and faculty. (Spring)

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