Military of China, force comment.
Military of China, force comment.

According to the Russian military news network reported on 1 September, the Russian defense industry complex Quarterly “in the 21st century arsenal,” said that if the Q-5 attack aircraft as China’s first completely self-produced aircraft type somewhat reluctantly, then JH -7 “Flying Leopard” fighter-bomber is said can unconditionally China-made aircraft. Because in addition to the individual power plant and avionics, the JH -7 actually completely independent from the China Aviation Industry R & D and manufacturing. static display of homemade JH-7A Flying Leopard fighter-bombers Photo: doors wide

Russia Journal that compared with the J-10 multi-role fighter, JH -7 undoubtedly more Chinese-made aircraft, unlike the J-10 prototype, as both foreign, and foreign assistance in the design, but also assembly of imported engines. And Q-5 as a real military conflict, air attacks JH -7 R & D system, the direct driving force. January 19, 1974 Chinese troops landed in the Paracel Islands, crushed the newspaper that the resistance, completely recovered by the Vietnamese occupation of the island. Vietnam was already dejected defeated the United States can only sit back and watch, not interfere. Despite the successful conclusion of the battle to regain Paracel Islands, but China can not ignore their own army in the battle some of the problems exposed. For example, although the Chinese Air Force and Navy in the disputed area near the airport has deployed 115 aircraft, but only in combat operations off the 401 vehicles, and aircraft can not fly directly away from the coast of China (Hainan Island) is only 230 km theater over. Q-5 attack aircraft at the Chinese Air Force and F-6 fighter’s combat radius failed to reach the requirements of this remote air, H -5 bombers battle with greater losses for fear of being made difficult, because the H -5 tactics technical performance is relatively low, and has been old by the newspaper that the F-5E fighter threat. Difficult to use the Chinese Air Force also targeted by modern navigation systems, communication and command systems, radio reconnaissance and electronic warfare equipment, inadequate equipment, or even completely missing caused. Chinese naval landing force results in the absence of air support forced under the conditions of action, the Chinese navy’s first aircraft until the enemy surrendered several hours after the fly over the Paracel Islands.

summary of the naval battle of Sha, the Chinese navy and air force soon make recommendations to the Department of Defense, as soon as possible to first replace H -5 develop new extended-range bombers, attack aircraft . Actually used to replace the Q-5, H -5 future fighter-bomber aircraft conceptual research began back in 1973, Sha war just for R & D provides additional strong impetus. Chinese Ministry of Defense that, when the country’s aviation industry and the economic situation does not allow simultaneous implementation of two separate but very close to the air attack platform development project, it was decided in two highly integrated solution within the framework of general development of the Air Force and Navy fighter planes. June 1976 China’s aviation industry and military representatives in Beijing to discuss the development of new armies feasibility of general-purpose fighter. It was agreed that the Chinese navy and air force need not be all-weather attack aircraft, supersonic flight technology with higher performance, but also to ensure that enemy air defense weapons against ground and sea conditions, the higher the battlefield survivability, in tactical and operational depth of action. Chinese Navy representatives insisted on twin-seat configuration, follow the first flight model of Europe in 1974 “Tornado” fighter-bomber prototype. Allocation of weapons, both conventional destruction weapons, but also do not have the Q-5 was guided weapons, should also be able to carry tactical nuclear munitions.

China’s military in 1976 proposed a new extended-range supersonic attack aircraft research and development of specific requirements, one of which is the first alternative to Air Force and Navy equipment H -5 bombers. Shenyang, Xi’an, Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Company and then the design team has put forward their own proposals. SAC’s first proposed solution is essentially JH -8 F-8II fighter-interceptor version of the attack, to ensure uniformity and commonality to significantly reduce air fighter and attack platforms cost of production, with initial support from the Department of Defense and National Defense Work support. However, the J-8II was developed has not been completed, the prototype until June 12, 1984 was the successful first flight. In addition, the success was developed for a variety of requirements while meeting the unified combat platforms, there are many doubts. Therefore, general models of interest in the military soon began to subside, the focus of SAC to the J-8II then concentrated on project.
Russia Journal that the Nanchang Aircraft Manufacturing Company’s proposed program is clearly a strong -6 JH-7 is the next major competitors, it is the history of aircraft development in the Chinese military has played an important role. Originally planned to become a Soviet-made MiG strong -6 F-bombers-23BN modern Chinese version. At that time China has received a number of MiG-23BN, and from Egypt imported a batch of MiG-23S front-line fighter. Previously responsible for the development work of Strong -5 Lu Xiaopeng strong -6 aircraft was appointed chief architect of his leadership in the face of new aircraft shape the work was completed in February 1979, in fact, MiG-23BN and MiG-23S of synthetic materials, especially airborne radar borrowed cabin with MiG-23S machines first part of the full use of China’s Soviet Union was familiar with and understand the technology and design methods in order to develop economically and efficiently meet the requirements of the new fighter-bombers. But officers soon discovered that the development, the Chinese Air Force and Navy requirements not only a new MiG-23BN aircraft equipped with laser range finder, but also to ensure the aircraft on the ground, surface, all-weather attack capabilities and air target terrain avoidance capability of multi- function radar, but this requirement can not simply copy the MiG-23S by using RP-22 airborne radar approach are met. The result was made a very bold decision, creative imitation from the Vietnam War on the American F-111A to get on the aircraft radar systems, including radar scan of a AN/APQ-113 look around and two AN/APQ-110 terrain avoidance radar, be converted to strong -6 aircraft. But China could not do the generic industry was technically the most modern and most complex task of radio-electronic systems, but lack the necessary foundation of advanced components, forced to re-use the tube, resulting in airborne radar equipment to further increase the size and weight. In addition, three sets of parabolic antenna radar the U.S. is far greater than the overall size of the Soviet Union RP-22 radar, which requires strong -6 body size must be increased, the overall layout was forced to adjust. With the usual results of the first MiG-23 similar to the inlet side and F-16 into the same belly inlet, aircraft size and weight increased significantly, reaching the “Tornado” fighter-bombers level. Ultimately, whether the aircraft or airborne radio-electronic equipment, a substantial increase in weight and size are not effectively controlled within reasonable limits, resulting in PLO leadership began to lose interest in the project of strong -6.

fair to say, to try to project a strong -6 was the most advanced in other technological achievements, such as fly-by systems, inertial navigation systems, variable sweep wing system. In the fly-by-system, Lu Xiaopeng leading designer of hard work, hard research, spent nine years (1980-1988), later a number of other similar devices are still used on aircraft in China; AN/AJQ-20 inertial navigation system basically similar to the fate of Chinese experts to be transplanted from the F-111A to strong -6, its Chinese version of the product until 90 years He was in a strong -6 development project being stopped; in the variable-geometry wing system, China Product weight Bi Mige -23 using Russian-made systems increased by 12%. As the other direction is also clear that the weight increase, leading to reduced load combat aircraft, combat radius is reduced, the initial plan to install a maximum thrust of 9.3 tons of WS-6 engine can not guarantee that the design of aircraft to achieve the desired performance. To save the passive situation, in 1983 started to develop WS-6G improved engine, the maximum thrust should be increased to 14 tons of thrust to weight ratio of 7, and plans to assemble a new fighter-interceptor on the F -13. Encountered due to the constant variety of new problems, improved operational efficiency should more than 2-fold increase in the Q-5 Strong -6 project in 1989 was forced to stop. Before making the three strong -6 prototype, the first aircraft used for static tests, the second aircraft avionics equipment for ground tests, the third variable-geometry wing aircraft for flight test, but in the end failed to rise empty. Despite the strong -6 project ultimately failed to achieve satisfactory, but accumulated in the course of its development experience and a lot of other more successful later in the project has been widely used.

Russia Journal that China Xi’an Aircraft Company and other companies after 603 where a new type of supersonic attack aircraft research and development. After years of preliminary study, designed to fit 1983, use of low-altitude, relatively heavy, the limited mobility of twin seater fighter-bombers, originally code-named H-7, later changed to JH -7. The original two-seat layout of the parallel program with the Su-24 F-111 and similar, later to be substantially modified, the tandem two-seat layout is now become, with Britain and France, “Jaguar”, the Japanese F-1 or Yugoslavia, Romania, IAR-93 fighter-bombers are more similar. In view of the 1970s, Romania and China’s special political relations between the two countries do not rule out military aircraft manufacturer in the field of possibilities in direct scientific and technological exchanges, JH -7 and IAR-93 cockpit layout is very close to proof. It should be noted that the mid-1970s the West had to fly with their own production and improve the experience of H-6 bombers, which will undoubtedly JH -7 applied research and development of fighter-bombers. In addition, China has developed JH -7 Shihai the first to use computer-aided design software, went to the world.
JH -7 fighter-bombers used against enemy targets in close protection of precision strike, both with free-fall bombs, guided missiles can also be used. According to the original design, the most typical JH -7 combat flight at low altitude and low altitude should be completed by the pilots and crew members of navigation control components, including targeting systems, including navigation avionics equipment should ensure that both JH -7 Use air-air missiles for defensive, but also small targets on the ground and sea attack, but also to ensure low-flying aircraft and terrain avoidance capability.

JH -7 using a swept-wing double standard high aerodynamic layout, the use of all moving horizontal tail, single vertical tail, belly deflector. HTY-4 ejection seat made of superior performance, to ensure the flight crew in a highly 0-20000 meters, 0-1000 km per hour under the conditions of escape. Integrated canopy to ensure a good line of sight, the instrument system to reach the fourth-generation level. JH -7 using two sets of WS-9 afterburning turbofan engine technology licensing in China according to the British production, the prototype for the Rolls-Royce for the F-4K/M fighter development of the “bay” Mk202 engine This is also the first time since World War II fighter western China power plant, not the Soviet Union the engine. New Chinese fighter-bomber as early as the selected program already in 1975, before the British signed a new engine purchase and license production agreement in 1976 imported 50 Mk202 finished, and began preparing to produce Chinese version of the product WS-9. JH -7 to use multi-purpose pulse Doppler radar 232H fully draw on the U.S. F-4E aircraft used AN/APQ120 radar technology and technical solutions, the performance is quite advanced, both effective against air targets, but also deal with the ground goals. MiG-21 fighters for air targets like the maximum detection distance of 70-75 km, the large surface targets of 160-175 km.

Russia Journal said, in August 1988, JH -7 first prototype debuted in Xi’an, No. 081, when the successful first flight on December 14, the first time the following year to November 17 supersonic speed. China has created a series of five test samples JH -7 machine, numbered 081-085, of which one (probably No. 082) in 1994 due to engine failure and crashed. The early 1990s, imports from Russia has decided to front-line fighters and Su-27 Su-30MKK multi-role fighters, the Chinese leadership interest in the JH-7 has been reduced. After all, the Su-30MKK payload of up to 8 tons, the use of modern fire control system, attacks on ground targets can replace the JH-7, only in the long low-flying comfort slightly inferior to the Chinese aircraft, its machine slightly smaller wing load. In addition, the Su-30MKK can be used efficiently in order to win air superiority fighter, interceptor can also be used as a patrol, JH -7 which is not available. However, JH -7 project did not stop, but continue to develop, in the production of the five demonstrator, the pre-production batch of 20 JH-7, delivered to the Chinese Navy, in which the first few aircraft factory in 1994, have five arms hanging points. Then began producing the first batch of 35 production-type JH-7, and equipment to the East China Sea Fleet division 16 6 HNA Group (Shanghai).

proved, JH -7 become a very successful maritime attack aircraft, it is fitted out in China will undoubtedly greatly enhance the combat strength of naval aviation. Mass-produced JH -7 wingspan 12.71 meters, 22.32 meters long, 6.58 m high, empty weight 14.5 tons, 28.5 tons maximum takeoff weight, maximum load 6.5 tons fighting a maximum speed of Mach 1.7, service ceiling 15,600 m, low-altitude operations radius of 900 kilometers altitude combat radius of 1650 km, carrying a maximum range of 3650 km when the drop tanks, two refueling maximum range of 6650 km. Weapon hardpoints to seven from five, six of them under the wings, the fuselage 1, the maximum range of offensive weapons including 40-50 km “YJ -81″ (C-801K) subsonic anti-ship missile (performance close to the French “Exocet”), 1500 kg-class free-fall bombs, rockets, no control. Self-defense weapons, including two “Charlie -5″ air to air missiles, a 23 mm 23-III-type double-barreled cannon (GSH-23L cannon with Russia similar).

It should be noted that imports from Russia multifunctional fighter Su -30MKK/MK2 fire control system technology with China in the development and production of missile systems are not compatible, never even to Russia and China The information provided by Chinese missiles, the results of similar aircraft JH -7 become only more cost domestic airline to carry more mass destruction weapons and the effective carrier, which may have indirectly contributed to JH -7 further development of the project, although it In the overall combat effectiveness, including the attack, the slightly inferior to the Chinese Air Force began in December 2000, the column filled with Su-30MKK. Therefore, the introduction of Su-30MKK from Russia, while China is not only trying to independently produce similar aircraft, but also continue to improve JH -7 fighter-bombers.

Russia Journal that the first batch of 38 aircraft as a supplement to the Chinese Air Force in 2002, also received about a second batch of 38 Su-30MKK multi-role fighters. Priority on the introduction of the Air Force Su-30MKK the same time, H -5 bombers had equipment of the naval aviation group also began a large number of switched JH -7. Specific performance from the point of view, JH -7 and the U.S. F-4II “Phantom” roughly two-seat fighter, slightly better in the individual aspects, such as the maximum takeoff weight, the maximum speed at low altitude. In the first mass-produced fielding JH-7 (1) fighter-bomber, the Chinese Navy began to install the second production-line type JH-7 (2), the East China Sea Fleet, the first division 17 6 ??HNA Group (Yiwu). China began to use these new aircraft, improved self-production of WS-9 engines, replace imported from Britain 50 Spey Mk202. In contrast, although the thrust performance is basically the same, but the improved version of WS-9 significantly improved performance, reliability has improved significantly, while maintaining and Spey Mk202 in the use of full compatibility. JH -7 after shutdown, start producing more advanced variant JH-7A products. No. JH -7 by the 083 demonstrator first flight of the modified prototype JH-7A is the first public appearance in November 1998 Zhuhai Airshow, then continue to improve on-board systems and equipment. July 1, 2002 two new JH-7A aircraft in the first test aircraft first flight success. The end of 2004 the Chinese Air Force and Navy began fielding a new JH-7A.

JH -7 If only the late 1960s with the United States developed F-4M, F-4E compared, then the JH-7A is entirely possible, and 80-90 years the U.S.” ghost “The latest improved version of the French” Mirage 2000 “or the Japanese F-4EJKai compared. JH-7A-made fly-by-use system is clearly in strong -6 developed within the framework of the project made, JL-10A new airborne radar, GPS receivers, equipped with multi-screen cockpit instrumentation, and airborne radio electronic equipment, have been modernized. JL-10A pulse doppler radar which can draw topographic maps, effectively found that low-altitude targets, similar to the MiG-21 fighter air target search distance of 80 km, 40 km from the track lock that can simultaneously track the four air targets. In addition to ensure the aircraft using high-precision laser-guided weapons, but also have the ability to avoid terrain. It is reported that, compared with the JH -7, JH-7A significantly improved performance, the maximum payload to 900 tons, mounted a significant increase in the type of guided weapons. In addition to “Eagle -81″ anti-ship missiles, but also to use the Russian KH-31P or domestic “YJ -91″, made KP-88 (C-701) High-speed Anti-Radiation Missile, KH-31A supersonic anti- ship missiles, KH-29L, KH-29T air-surface guided missile (2002, China reportedly purchased a 2000 about the Russian Air Force fleet of KH-29L/T missiles), Russian KAB-500 and made 500 kg class LT-2 Air guided bombs, may also be able to effectively attack large maritime targets of Russian KAB-500L, KAB-1500L-PR, KAB-1500L-F bombs. In addition, for the JH-7A and the use of H-6 “YJ -83″ (C-803K) new anti-ship missiles was completed in November 2002, the maximum range test.

Russia Journal that the Chinese naval air three groups have been or are being equipped with JH-7A fighter-bombers, 50 were in the North Sea Fleet naval division 14 regiment, the South China Sea Fleet division 27 9 HNA Group, the North Sea Fleet 7 Division 20 HNA Group. Chinese Air Force began in 2005 fitted out in the JH-7A, the main division of Jinan Military Region 5 14 aviation regiment, division of Shenyang Military Region, 31 Air Force 11 Group, the Nanjing Military aviation regiment 28 division 82. Each group is equipped with 18-20 JH-7A, or JH -7. Domestic improved JH-7A fighter-bombers of modern fitted out in China’s policy priority to the purchase Su-30 had an impact. In 2003 Russia signed a purchase contract, the Chinese Navy in August 2004 to begin receiving the first 24 Su-30MK2 multi-role fighters, Su-30MKK than the more advanced avionics, anti-ship weapons and equipment is also stronger. At that time the Chinese navy is still negotiating purchase another group seems to use the new (AESA) radar, the Su-30MK2 aircraft, but the JH-7A with the smooth production and fielding, and China in the F-11B and F – 11BS research achievements, the Chinese leadership continues to import Russian-made fighters of enthusiasm began to cool. However, the recent progress of the F-11B project setback could prompt China to reconsider its series of new multi-functional fighter aircraft Sukhoi imports.

Russia Journal, said their forces to meet the demand, China has successfully developed the” Flying Leopard “export model FBC-1, and actively to the international market. The Chinese side stressed that, FBC-1′s avionics equipment according to customer’s specific needs flexible configuration, you can choose China or other countries, the production of the corresponding system. Moscow air show appearance in 2001 of FBC-1 large-size model shows that this aircraft can be mounted KH-31AE supersonic anti-ship missiles, and short-range air to air missiles. Said to have been a number of countries, including Iran, showing the interest of the FBC-1, but have had no news of large-scale procurement.
also reported that the West is currently developing a new generation flying attack aircraft JH-7B. The aircraft appears to be fully improved JH-7 product, is actually a new type of aircraft. From the 2008 Zhuhai Air Show to launch new aircraft video point of view, the new J H-7B and JH -7 as the use of serial double cockpit layout, widely used in the fuselage structure of stealth technology, including low-E intake Road and radar absorbing coating. There will also be using the new avionics. JH-7B may also install a new generation of WS-10A engine made its biggest thrust of up to 12-13 tons, with roughly the AL-31F. The engine is currently being further refined and mass production preparation stage, if the successful completion of the project can be expected that WS-10A engine assembly JH-7B is expected to be fitted out in 2015. But, now, J H-7B engine using modified WS-9 is more realistic.

Russia Journal said, and Q-5 attack aircraft, F-H -7 fighter-bombers and there is no actual combat experience. But in recent years JH -7 series aircraft began to actively participate within the framework of the SCO joint drill to improve the combat with the Russian aviation equipment coordination skills. In the Sino-Russian “Peace Mission 2007″ joint exercise, the JH-7 in the Russian military air exercises training ground attack on an imaginary target subjects. But in the Russian “Peace Mission 2009″ joint exercise, July 19, 2009 the 28th Division Air China JH-7A of a crash in Jilin, two pilots were killed.

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